---
title: The little one ate his soup, and putting on his sister’s moccasins l… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The little one ate his soup, and putting on his sister’s moccasins lay down on the buffalo robe and went to sleep. Who acts: little one, putting. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother, with its dependency tree and the pragm
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother, sentence 31

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The little one ate his soup, and putting on his sister’s moccasins lay down on the buffalo robe and went to sleep.

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**Who acts:** little one, putting · **What happens:** eat, put, lay down, go · **To what, where:** soup, moccasins, buffalo robe, sleep

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (little one, putting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:39:31
# text = The little one ate his soup, and putting on his sister’s moccasins lay down on the buffalo robe and went to sleep.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	soup	soup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
9	putting	put	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	csubj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	’s	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	moccasins	moccasin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
15	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
16	down	down	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	buffalo	buffalo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	robe	robe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | the little one | brother's soup |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soup=Patient |
| 2 | **put** | gerund |  |  |  | brother's sister's moccasins |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on moccasin=Destination |
| 3 | **lay down** | present | putting |  |  | the buffalo robe |  | down *property* | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on robe=Destination |
| 4 | **go** | past | the little one *not said here* |  |  | sleep |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to sleep=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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