---
title: “We found a wolf’s head near your wigwam, and we smelled the tracks… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: “We found a wolf’s head near your wigwam, and we smelled the tracks of some one that went around the lake,” said the leader wolf. Who acts: We, leader wolf. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother, with its dependency tree an
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother, sentence 35

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“We found a wolf’s head near your wigwam, and we smelled the tracks of some one that went around the lake,” said the leader wolf.

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**Who acts:** We, leader wolf · **What happens:** find, smell, go, say · **To what, where:** head, wigwam, tracks, lake · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, leader wolf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:39:35
# text = “We found a wolf’s head near your wigwam, and we smelled the tracks of some one that went around the lake,” said the leader wolf.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	ccomp	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	’s	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	near	near	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	wigwam	wigwam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	smelled	smell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	tracks	track	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	19	det	_	_
19	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nmod	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
21	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	acl:relcl	_	_
22	around	around	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
27	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** *in a quote* | past | We | a wolf's head |  | your wigwam |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Topic |
| 2 | **smell** *in a quote* | past | we | the tracks of some one |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer track=Stimulus |
| 3 | **go** *in a quote* | past |  |  |  | the lake |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme around lake=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the leader wolf |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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