---
title: “My brother has gone, my sister has gone, my little wolf has gone; I… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: “My brother has gone, my sister has gone, my little wolf has gone; I shall starve and freeze,” said the boy. Who acts: brother, sister, little wolf, boy. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother, with its dependency tree and t
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother, sentence 36

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“My brother has gone, my sister has gone, my little wolf has gone; I shall starve and freeze,” said the boy.

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**Who acts:** brother, sister, little wolf, boy · **What happens:** go, starve, freeze, say · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brother, sister, little wolf, boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:39:36
# text = “My brother has gone, my sister has gone, my little wolf has gone; I shall starve and freeze,” said the boy.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	starve	starve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	ccomp	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	freeze	freeze	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
25	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	25	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** *in a quote* | present · perfect | My brother |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go** *in a quote* | present · perfect | my sister |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **go** *in a quote* | present · perfect | my little wolf |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **starve** *in a quote* | shall | the boy *= boy* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **freeze** *in a quote* | infinitive | the boy *= boy* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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