---
title: The brother knew his voice and said, “Let me die, for my brother tha… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The brother knew his voice and said, “Let me die, for my brother that I deserted has become a wolf.” Who acts: brother. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother, sentence 45

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The brother knew his voice and said, “Let me die, for my brother that I deserted has become a wolf.”

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**Who acts:** brother · **What happens:** know, say, let, die, desert, become · **To what, where:** voice, brother, wolf · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:39:45
# text = The brother knew his voice and said, “Let me die, for my brother that I deserted has become a wolf.”
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
11	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	die	die	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	obj	_	_
18	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	deserted	desert	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
20	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	parataxis	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | the brother | brother's voice |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the brother *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **let** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | the brother *= brother* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **die** *in a quote* | infinitive | the brother *= brother* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 5 | **desert** *in a quote* | past | the brother *= brother* | my brother |  |  |  |  | vn leave-51.2-1 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme that=Source |
| 6 | **become** *in a quote* | present · perfect | my brother | a wolf |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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