---
title: I am brave; I must fight,” said the oldest brother. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: I am brave; I must fight,” said the oldest brother. Who acts: I, oldest brother. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother, sentence 9

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I am brave; I must fight,” said the oldest brother.

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**Who acts:** I, oldest brother · **What happens:** be, fight, say · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, oldest brother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:39:9
# text = I am brave; I must fight,” said the oldest brother.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	brave	brave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	oldest	old	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	13	amod	_	_
13	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | brave *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fight** | must | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | the oldest brother |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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