---
title: He learned to talk as the bears talk and to walk like them. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: He learned to talk as the bears talk and to walk like them. Who acts: boy, bears. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XV. the Good Bear and the Lost Boy, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XV. the Good Bear and the Lost Boy, sentence 48

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He learned to talk as the bears talk and to walk like them.

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**Who acts:** boy, bears · **What happens:** learn, talk, walk

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XV. the Good Bear and the Lost Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, bears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:40:48
# text = He learned to talk as the bears talk and to walk like them.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	talk	talk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	walk	walk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **talk** | to-infinitive | boy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **talk** | present | the bears |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **walk** | to-infinitive | the bears *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like bears *= bear* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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