---
title: He learned the ways of his people again, but never did he shoot or t… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: He learned the ways of his people again, but never did he shoot or trap a bear. Who acts: boy. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XV. the Good Bear and the Lost Boy, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XV. the Good Bear and the Lost Boy, sentence 56

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He learned the ways of his people again, but never did he shoot or trap a bear.

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**Who acts:** boy · **What happens:** learn, not shoot, trap · **To what, where:** ways, bear

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XV. the Good Bear and the Lost Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:40:56
# text = He learned the ways of his people again, but never did he shoot or trap a bear.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	again	again	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
12	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	shoot	shoot	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	trap	trap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | boy | the ways of boy's people |  |  | again |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **shoot** | past · do-support | boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **trap** | infinitive | boy *not said here* | a bear |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bear=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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