---
title: Over some wigwams hung a beaver skin; that was the totem or sign of… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Over some wigwams hung a beaver skin; that was the totem or sign of the tribe of Beaver Indians. Who acts: that. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XVII. How the Indians Came to Know Medicine Plants, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XVII. How the Indians Came to Know Medicine Plants, sentence 6

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Over some wigwams hung a beaver skin; that was the totem or sign of the tribe of Beaver Indians.

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**Who acts:** that · **What happens:** hang, be, sign · **To what, where:** beaver skin, wigwams, totem, tribe

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XVII. How the Indians Came to Know Medicine Plants. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:42:6
# text = Over some wigwams hung a beaver skin; that was the totem or sign of the tribe of Beaver Indians.
1	Over	over	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	wigwams	wigwam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
4	hung	hang	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	beaver	beaver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	totem	totem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	tribe	tribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	Beaver	Beaver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | past |  | a beaver skin |  | some wigwams |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent skin=Theme over wigwam=Destination |
| 2 | **is a** | past | that | the totem or sign of the tribe of Beaver Indians |  |  |  | sign of the tribe of Beaver Indians *conj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **sign** |  |  | the tribe of Beaver Indians |  |  |  |  | nom sign «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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