---
title: All the people were drowned excepting one young chief who had kindne… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: All the people were drowned excepting one young chief who had kindness in his heart. Who acts: one young chief. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIX. the Marriage of Mondahmin, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIX. the Marriage of Mondahmin, sentence 12

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All the people were drowned excepting one young chief who had kindness in his heart.

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**Who acts:** one young chief · **What happens:** drown, except, have · **To what, where:** people, one young chief, kindness, heart

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIX. the Marriage of Mondahmin. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one young chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:44:12
# text = All the people were drowned excepting one young chief who had kindness in his heart.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	3	det:predet	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	drowned	drown	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	excepting	except	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
8	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drown** | past · passive |  | all people |  |  |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **except** | gerund |  | one young chief |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | past | one young chief | kindness |  | other's heart |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kindness=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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