---
title: She did not see him, but her brother was watching, and he laughed wh… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: She did not see him, but her brother was watching, and he laughed when Wapako the pumpkin rolled over and down the hill. Who acts: girl, brother, visitor. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIX. the Marriage of Mondahmin, with its dependency tree an
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIX. the Marriage of Mondahmin, sentence 27

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She did not see him, but her brother was watching, and he laughed when Wapako the pumpkin rolled over and down the hill.

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**Who acts:** girl, brother, visitor · **What happens:** not see, watch, laugh, roll · **To what, where:** visitor, pumpkin

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIX. the Marriage of Mondahmin. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (girl, brother, visitor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:44:27
# text = She did not see him, but her brother was watching, and he laughed when Wapako the pumpkin rolled over and down the hill.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	watching	watch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
16	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
17	Wapako	Wapako	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	pumpkin	pumpkin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
20	rolled	roll	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl	_	_
21	over	over	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	down	down	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **see** | past · do-support | girl | visitor |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
| 2 | **watch** | past · progressive | girl's brother |  |  |  |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **laugh** | past | visitor |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **roll** | participle |  | the pumpkin *not said here* |  |  |  | over *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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