---
title: A voice came to her heart from the rustling leaves. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: A voice came to her heart from the rustling leaves. Who acts: voice. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXIII. the Girl Who Became a Pine Tree, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXIII. the Girl Who Became a Pine Tree, sentence 17

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A voice came to her heart from the rustling leaves.

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**Who acts:** voice · **What happens:** come · **To what, where:** rustling leaves

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXIII. the Girl Who Became a Pine Tree. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (voice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:48:17
# text = A voice came to her heart from the rustling leaves.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	rustling	rustling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | a voice |  |  | the rustling leaves |  | to Leelinaw's heart | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme to heart=Initial\_Location from leaf=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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