---
title: Three moons had gone when two Indians in their birch-bark canoe saw… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Three moons had gone when two Indians in their birch-bark canoe saw Leelinaw sitting by the Big Sea Water watching them. Who acts: Three moons, two Indians, Leelinaw. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXIII. the Girl Who Became a Pine Tree, with it
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXIII. the Girl Who Became a Pine Tree, sentence 31

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Three moons had gone when two Indians in their birch-bark canoe saw Leelinaw sitting by the Big Sea Water watching them.

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**Who acts:** Three moons, two Indians, Leelinaw · **What happens:** go, see, sit, watch · **To what, where:** Leelinaw, Indians

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXIII. the Girl Who Became a Pine Tree. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Three moons, two Indians, Leelinaw), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:48:31
# text = Three moons had gone when two Indians in their birch-bark canoe saw Leelinaw sitting by the Big Sea Water watching them.
1	Three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	moons	moon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
10	birch	birch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	canoe	canoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
14	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
15	Leelinaw	Leelinaw	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	xcomp	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
19	Big	Big	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	Water	Water	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
22	watching	watch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
23	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past · perfect | Three moons |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | past | two Indians in Indians's bark canoe | Leelinaw |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **sit** | gerund | Leelinaw *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by the Big Sea Water | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by water=Location |
| 4 | **watch** | gerund | Leelinaw *not said here* | Indians *= indian* |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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