---
title: She came very often to sit in their dark shadows and hear their leav… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: She came very often to sit in their dark shadows and hear their leaves whisper to the blue water. Who acts: Leelinaw, leaves, trees. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXIII. the Girl Who Became a Pine Tree, with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXIII. the Girl Who Became a Pine Tree, sentence 7

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She came very often to sit in their dark shadows and hear their leaves whisper to the blue water.

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**Who acts:** Leelinaw, leaves, trees · **What happens:** come, sit, hear, whisper, shadow · **To what, where:** dark shadows, blue water · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXIII. the Girl Who Became a Pine Tree. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leelinaw, leaves, trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:48:7
# text = She came very often to sit in their dark shadows and hear their leaves whisper to the blue water.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	often	often	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	hear	hear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Typo=Yes|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	whisper	whisper	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Leelinaw |  |  |  |  | often *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **sit** | to-infinitive | Leelinaw *not said here* |  |  | trees's dark shadows |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in shadow=Location |
| 3 | **hear** | present | Leelinaw *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **whisper** *speech: assert* | present | trees's leaves |  | the blue water |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to water=Recipient |
| 5 | **shadow** |  | trees *= tree* |  |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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