---
title: The path led him through a grove, then up a long hilly ridge, at the… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The path led him through a grove, then up a long hilly ridge, at the top of which he came to a wigwam or lodge. Who acts: path, snow. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXIV. the White Stone Canoe, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ever
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXIV. the White Stone Canoe, sentence 29

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The path led him through a grove, then up a long hilly ridge, at the top of which he came to a wigwam or lodge.

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**Who acts:** path, snow · **What happens:** lead, come · **To what, where:** snow, grove, wigwam

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXIV. the White Stone Canoe. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (path, snow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:49:29
# text = The path led him through a grove, then up a long hilly ridge, at the top of which he came to a wigwam or lodge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	grove	grove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	hilly	hilly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	ridge	ridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	at	at	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	obl	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	wigwam	wigwam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	lodge	lodge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past | the path | snow |  | a grove |  | up a long hilly ridge; at the top | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme through grove=Destination |
| 2 | **come** | past | snow |  |  | a wigwam or lodge |  | of the top | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme of which=Initial\_Location to wigwam=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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