---
title: “That is the Land of Souls,” said the white-haired chief; “my lodge… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: “That is the Land of Souls,” said the white-haired chief; “my lodge is the gateway. Who acts: That, Land, lodge. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXIV. the White Stone Canoe, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXIV. the White Stone Canoe, sentence 42

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“That is the Land of Souls,” said the white-haired chief; “my lodge is the gateway.

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**Who acts:** That, Land, lodge · **What happens:** be, say · **To what, where:** Land, white haired chief, gateway · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXIV. the White Stone Canoe. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (That, Land, lodge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:49:42
# text = “That is the Land of Souls,” said the white-haired chief; “my lodge is the gateway.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Souls	soul	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
12	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	haired	haired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
17	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	lodge	lodge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	gateway	gateway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | That | the Land |  |  |  | of Souls | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Land | the white haired chief |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent chief=Topic |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | my lodge | the gateway |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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