---
title: The dog guarded his master’s burdens, while the freed traveler leape… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The dog guarded his master’s burdens, while the freed traveler leaped forward as if flying. Who acts: dog, master. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXIV. the White Stone Canoe, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXIV. the White Stone Canoe, sentence 47

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The dog guarded his master’s burdens, while the freed traveler leaped forward as if flying.

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**Who acts:** dog, master · **What happens:** guard, free, leap, fly, burden · **To what, where:** burdens, freed traveler

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXIV. the White Stone Canoe. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dog, master), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:49:47
# text = The dog guarded his master’s burdens, while the freed traveler leaped forward as if flying.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	guarded	guard	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	’s	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	burdens	burden	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	freed	free	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	traveler	traveler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
13	leaped	leap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
16	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **guard** | past | the dog | dog's master's burdens |  |  |  | the freed traveler *parataxis* | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent burden=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **free** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer |
| 3 | **leap** | participle |  | the freed traveler *not said here* |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **fly** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **burden** |  | dog's master |  |  |  |  |  | nom burden «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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