---
title: At last he called a council; he wrote on bark and gave the writing t… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: At last he called a council; he wrote on bark and gave the writing to his little daughter, who had been taught by him to read. Who acts: Georgia. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Books in the Indian Language, with its dependency tree and the pragm
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Books in the Indian Language, sentence 15

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At last he called a council; he wrote on bark and gave the writing to his little daughter, who had been taught by him to read.

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**Who acts:** Georgia · **What happens:** call, write, give, teach, read · **To what, where:** council, bark, writing, little daughter · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Books in the Indian Language. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Georgia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:5:15
# text = At last he called a council; he wrote on bark and gave the writing to his little daughter, who had been taught by him to read.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	last	last	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
18	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
23	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	taught	teach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl:relcl	_	_
25	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obl	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past | Georgia | a council |  |  |  | at last | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme PP.recipient PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent council=Theme at last=Stimulus |
| 2 | **write** | past | Georgia |  |  | bark |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on bark=Destination |
| 3 | **give** | past | Georgia *not said here* | the writing | Georgia's little daughter |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent writing=Theme to daughter=Recipient |
| 4 | **teach** *speech: other* | past · perfect · passive | Georgia | Georgia's little daughter |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient |
| 5 | **read** | to-infinitive | Georgia *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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