---
title: The red maple leaves and the leaves of the oak show the hurt the bea… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The red maple leaves and the leaves of the oak show the hurt the bear has received. Who acts: red maple leaves. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXV. the Great Bear in the Sky, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXV. the Great Bear in the Sky, sentence 13

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The red maple leaves and the leaves of the oak show the hurt the bear has received.

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**Who acts:** red maple leaves · **What happens:** show, receive · **To what, where:** hurt, bear · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXV. the Great Bear in the Sky. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (red maple leaves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:50:13
# text = The red maple leaves and the leaves of the oak show the hurt the bear has received.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	maple	maple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	hurt	hurt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	received	receive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the red maple leaves and the leaves of the oak | the hurt |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent hurt=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **receive** | present · perfect · passive |  | the bear |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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