---
title: The three hunters with the bear were lifted up into the sky by the s… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The three hunters with the bear were lifted up into the sky by the spirits of the four winds. Who acts: spirits. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXV. the Great Bear in the Sky, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXV. the Great Bear in the Sky, sentence 7

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The three hunters with the bear were lifted up into the sky by the spirits of the four winds.

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**Who acts:** spirits · **What happens:** lift up · **To what, where:** three hunters, sky

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXV. the Great Bear in the Sky. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spirits), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:50:7
# text = The three hunters with the bear were lifted up into the sky by the spirits of the four winds.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	hunters	hunter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	lifted	lift	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	winds	wind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift up** | past · passive | the spirits of the four winds | the three hunters with the bear |  | the sky |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme into sky=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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