---
title: The woods were very thick, but there were no deer in them. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The woods were very thick, but there were no deer in them. Who acts: woods, deer. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXVI. the North Star, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXVI. the North Star, sentence 3

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The woods were very thick, but there were no deer in them.

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**Who acts:** woods, deer · **What happens:** be

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXVI. the North Star. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (woods, deer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:51:3
# text = The woods were very thick, but there were no deer in them.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	woods	wood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	9	expl	_	_
9	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	11	det	_	_
11	deer	deer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the woods |  |  |  |  | thick *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** | past | no deer |  |  | there |  | in woods *= wood* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in they=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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