---
title: Wawwawtaissa, little fire-birds, the Indians call them. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Wawwawtaissa, little fire-birds, the Indians call them. Who acts: Indians. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXVII. the Star That Never Moves, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXVII. the Star That Never Moves, sentence 30

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Wawwawtaissa, little fire-birds, the Indians call them.

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**Who acts:** Indians · **What happens:** call · **To what, where:** Wawwawtaissa · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXVII. the Star That Never Moves. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:52:30
# text = Wawwawtaissa, little fire-birds, the Indians call them.
1	Wawwawtaissa	Wawwawtaissa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
3	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
4	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present | the Indians | Wawwawtaissa and little fire birds |  |  |  | birds *= bird* *obj* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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