---
title: He took his great peace pipe and offered smoke to the new star. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: He took his great peace pipe and offered smoke to the new star. Who acts: Keneu. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXVII. the Star That Never Moves, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXVII. the Star That Never Moves, sentence 38

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He took his great peace pipe and offered smoke to the new star.

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**Who acts:** Keneu · **What happens:** take, offer · **To what, where:** great peace pipe, smoke, new star

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXVII. the Star That Never Moves. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Keneu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:52:38
# text = He took his great peace pipe and offered smoke to the new star.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
4	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	pipe	pipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	offered	offer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Keneu | Keneu's great peace pipe |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pipe=Theme |
| 2 | **offer** | past | Keneu *not said here* | smoke |  |  |  | to the new star *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent smoke=Theme to star=Goal |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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