---
title: They had four sleeps before the sky was reached. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: They had four sleeps before the sky was reached. Who acts: branches. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXVIII. Trapping in the Happy Hunting Grounds, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXVIII. Trapping in the Happy Hunting Grounds, sentence 22

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They had four sleeps before the sky was reached.

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**Who acts:** branches · **What happens:** have, reach · **To what, where:** four sleeps, sky

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXVIII. Trapping in the Happy Hunting Grounds. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (branches), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:53:22
# text = They had four sleeps before the sky was reached.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	sleeps	sleep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	reached	reach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | branches *= branch* | four sleeps |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sleep=Patient |
| 2 | **reach** | past · passive |  | the sky |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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