---
title: The papoose caught the mouse and breathed on it until it grew as big… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The papoose caught the mouse and breathed on it until it grew as big as a bear. Who acts: papoose, mouse. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXVIII. Trapping in the Happy Hunting Grounds, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXVIII. Trapping in the Happy Hunting Grounds, sentence 45

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The papoose caught the mouse and breathed on it until it grew as big as a bear.

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**Who acts:** papoose, mouse · **What happens:** catch, breathe, grow · **To what, where:** mouse

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXVIII. Trapping in the Happy Hunting Grounds. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (papoose, mouse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:53:45
# text = The papoose caught the mouse and breathed on it until it grew as big as a bear.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	papoose	papoose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	breathed	breathe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	_
10	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
13	as	as	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | past | the papoose | the mouse |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouse=Theme |
| 2 | **breathe** | participle | the papoose *not said here* |  |  |  |  | on mouse | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Agent on it=Destination |
| 3 | **grow** | past | mouse |  |  |  |  | big *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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