---
title: He drove it up to the traps, and it bit the leather strings. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: He drove it up to the traps, and it bit the leather strings. Who acts: papoose, mouse. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXVIII. Trapping in the Happy Hunting Grounds, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXVIII. Trapping in the Happy Hunting Grounds, sentence 47

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He drove it up to the traps, and it bit the leather strings.

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**Who acts:** papoose, mouse · **What happens:** drive up, bite · **To what, where:** mouse, traps, leather strings

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXVIII. Trapping in the Happy Hunting Grounds. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (papoose, mouse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:53:47
# text = He drove it up to the traps, and it bit the leather strings.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	traps	trap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	bit	bite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	strings	string	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive up** | past | papoose | mouse |  | the traps |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Theme to trap=Trajectory |
| 2 | **bite** | past | mouse | the leather strings |  |  |  |  | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent string=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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