---
title: White men do not always know where it is. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: White men do not always know where it is. Who acts: White men, cluster. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXIX. the Old Man in the Sky, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXIX. the Old Man in the Sky, sentence 3

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White men do not always know where it is.

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**Who acts:** White men, cluster · **What happens:** not know, be · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXIX. the Old Man in the Sky. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (White men, cluster), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:54:3
# text = White men do not always know where it is.
1	White	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
5	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	6	advmod	_	_
6	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	6	ccomp	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **know** | present · do-support | White men |  |  |  |  | always *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present | cluster |  |  |  |  | where *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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