---
title: The boys had eaten nothing all day, but they took their empty bowls… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The boys had eaten nothing all day, but they took their empty bowls and had a mock feast. Who acts: boys. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXII. the Seven Stars of Pleiades, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXII. the Seven Stars of Pleiades, sentence 11

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The boys had eaten nothing all day, but they took their empty bowls and had a mock feast.

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**Who acts:** boys · **What happens:** eat, take, have · **To what, where:** boys, empty bowls, mock feast

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXII. the Seven Stars of Pleiades. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boys), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:57:11
# text = The boys had eaten nothing all day, but they took their empty bowls and had a mock feast.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	4	obj	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	bowls	bowl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	mock	mock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	feast	feast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past · perfect · passive |  | the boys |  |  | day | nothing *obj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | past | boys *= boy* | boys's empty bowls |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bowl=Theme |
| 3 | **have** | past | boys *= boy* *not said here* | a mock feast |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feast=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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