---
title: The leader stopped his singing and tried to return. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The leader stopped his singing and tried to return. Who acts: leader. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXII. the Seven Stars of Pleiades, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXII. the Seven Stars of Pleiades, sentence 21

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The leader stopped his singing and tried to return.

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**Who acts:** leader · **What happens:** stop, try, return, sing · **To what, where:** singing

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXII. the Seven Stars of Pleiades. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (leader), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:57:21
# text = The leader stopped his singing and tried to return.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	singing	singing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	tried	try	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | the leader | leader's singing |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality singing=Eventuality |
| 2 | **try** | past | the leader *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **return** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the leader *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **sing** |  | leader |  |  |  |  |  | nom singing «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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