---
title: The little chipmunk was quick, but the bear nearly caught him as the… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The little chipmunk was quick, but the bear nearly caught him as the chipmunk ran into a hole in a hollow tree. Who acts: little chipmunk, bear, chipmunk. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXIII. the Chipmunk’s Black Stripes, with its dependency t
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXIII. the Chipmunk’s Black Stripes, sentence 24

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The little chipmunk was quick, but the bear nearly caught him as the chipmunk ran into a hole in a hollow tree.

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**Who acts:** little chipmunk, bear, chipmunk · **What happens:** be, catch, run · **To what, where:** sun, hole

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXIII. the Chipmunk’s Black Stripes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (little chipmunk, bear, chipmunk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:58:24
# text = The little chipmunk was quick, but the bear nearly caught him as the chipmunk ran into a hole in a hollow tree.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	chipmunk	chipmunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	quick	quick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	chipmunk	chipmunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
17	into	into	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	hollow	hollow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the little chipmunk |  |  |  |  | quick *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **catch** | past | the bear | sun |  |  |  | nearly *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 3 | **run** | past | the chipmunk |  |  |  |  | into a hole in a hollow tree *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into hole=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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