---
title: The bear struck him, and the black stripes down the chipmunk’s back… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The bear struck him, and the black stripes down the chipmunk’s back show where the bear hit him. Who acts: bear, chipmunk. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXIII. the Chipmunk’s Black Stripes, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXIII. the Chipmunk’s Black Stripes, sentence 25

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The bear struck him, and the black stripes down the chipmunk’s back show where the bear hit him.

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**Who acts:** bear, chipmunk · **What happens:** strike, hit, show · **To what, where:** sun

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXIII. the Chipmunk’s Black Stripes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bear, chipmunk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:58:25
# text = The bear struck him, and the black stripes down the chipmunk’s back show where the bear hit him.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	struck	strike	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	stripes	stripe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
10	down	down	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	chipmunk	chipmunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	’s	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	show	show	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
16	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	19	advmod	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	hit	hit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strike** | past | the bear | sun |  |  |  | the black stripes down the chipmunk's back show *obl* | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent he=Instrument |
| 2 | **hit** | past | the bear | sun |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme he=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **show** |  | the chipmunk |  |  |  |  |  | nom show «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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