---
title: This was when animals had tribes and chiefs like the Indians. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: This was when animals had tribes and chiefs like the Indians. Who acts: This, animals. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXIII. the Chipmunk’s Black Stripes, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXIII. the Chipmunk’s Black Stripes, sentence 3

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This was when animals had tribes and chiefs like the Indians.

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**Who acts:** This, animals · **What happens:** be, have · **To what, where:** tribes

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXIII. the Chipmunk’s Black Stripes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:58:3
# text = This was when animals had tribes and chiefs like the Indians.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
4	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl:relcl	_	_
6	tribes	tribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | This |  |  |  |  | when *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | past | animals | tribes and chiefs like the Indians |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tribe=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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