---
title: They have no longer any need to call upon their echo god for help. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: They have no longer any need to call upon their echo god for help. Who acts: warpath. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXIV. the Echo God and the Northern Lights, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXIV. the Echo God and the Northern Lights, sentence 15

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They have no longer any need to call upon their echo god for help.

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**Who acts:** warpath · **What happens:** have, need, call · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXIV. the Echo God and the Northern Lights. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (warpath), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:59:15
# text = They have no longer any need to call upon their echo god for help.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	call	call	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	echo	echo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	god	god	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | warpath |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **need** | present | warpath *not said here* |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **call** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | warpath *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon warpath's echo god for help | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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