---
title: The color of the lights meant a great deal to the Indian watchers. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The color of the lights meant a great deal to the Indian watchers. Who acts: color. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXIV. the Echo God and the Northern Lights, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXIV. the Echo God and the Northern Lights, sentence 18

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The color of the lights meant a great deal to the Indian watchers.

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**Who acts:** color · **What happens:** mean · **To what, where:** great deal

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXIV. the Echo God and the Northern Lights. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (color), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:59:18
# text = The color of the lights meant a great deal to the Indian watchers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	color	color	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	watchers	watcher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | past | the color of the lights | a great deal |  |  |  | to the Indian watchers | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot deal=Theme to watcher=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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