---
title: Fish-hooks were made of bone or flint, and spear points were of the… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Fish-hooks were made of bone or flint, and spear points were of the same materials, but they were very sharp and with them the Indians caught many fish. Who acts: spear points, points, Indians. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Some Things the Indi
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men Came, sentence 10

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Fish-hooks were made of bone or flint, and spear points were of the same materials, but they were very sharp and with them the Indians caught many fish.

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**Who acts:** spear points, points, Indians · **What happens:** make, be, catch · **To what, where:** Fish hooks, many fish

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men Came. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spear points, points, Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:6:10
# text = Fish-hooks were made of bone or flint, and spear points were of the same materials, but they were very sharp and with them the Indians caught many fish.
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	hooks	hook	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	flint	flint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
12	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	materials	material	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
22	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
23	very	very	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obl	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj	_	_
30	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	conj	_	_
31	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | Fish hooks |  |  |  | of bone or flint | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **is** | past | spear points |  |  |  |  | of the same materials | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past | points *= point* |  |  |  |  | sharp *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **catch** | past | the Indians | many fish |  |  |  | with points *= point* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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