---
title: The Village Indians have for centuries planted and cared for maize,… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The Village Indians have for centuries planted and cared for maize, pumpkins, beans, and other vegetables. Who acts: Village Indians. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men Came, with its dependency tree and
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men Came, sentence 17

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The Village Indians have for centuries planted and cared for maize, pumpkins, beans, and other vegetables.

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**Who acts:** Village Indians · **What happens:** have, plant, care · **To what, where:** centuries

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men Came. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Village Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:6:17
# text = The Village Indians have for centuries planted and cared for maize, pumpkins, beans, and other vegetables.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Village	Village	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	centuries	century	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	planted	plant	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	cared	care	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	maize	maize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	pumpkins	pumpkin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	beans	bean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	vegetables	vegetable	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the Village Indians |  |  |  | century | other vegetables *parataxis* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **plant** | participle |  | centuries *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **care** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | for maize and pumpkins and beans | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for maize=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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