---
title: Each tribe had its own pattern and shape, differing so much from tho… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Each tribe had its own pattern and shape, differing so much from those of other tribes that a footprint might announce an enemy in war time. Who acts: tribe, footprint. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men Came, sentence 8

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Each tribe had its own pattern and shape, differing so much from those of other tribes that a footprint might announce an enemy in war time.

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**Who acts:** tribe, footprint · **What happens:** have, differ, announce, pattern · **To what, where:** own pattern, other tribes

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men Came. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tribe, footprint), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:6:8
# text = Each tribe had its own pattern and shape, differing so much from those of other tribes that a footprint might announce an enemy in war time.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	tribe	tribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	pattern	pattern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	differing	differ	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	much	much	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	10	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	tribes	tribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	obj	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	footprint	footprint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
21	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	announce	announce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	acl:relcl	_	_
23	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | each tribe | tribe's own pattern and shape |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pattern=Patient |
| 2 | **differ** | gerund | each tribe *not said here* |  |  |  |  | from those of other tribes | vn differ-23.4 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme from that=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **announce** *speech: other* | might | a footprint | other tribes |  |  | time | a enemy *obj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **pattern** |  | tribe |  |  |  |  |  | nom pattern «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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