---
title: The Indians are still noted trappers, and their squaws know well how… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The Indians are still noted trappers, and their squaws know well how to tan and dress the skins of animals. Who acts: squaws. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men Came, with its dependency tree and the pra
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men Came, sentence 9

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The Indians are still noted trappers, and their squaws know well how to tan and dress the skins of animals.

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**Who acts:** squaws · **What happens:** note, know, tan, dress · **To what, where:** Indians, skins · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men Came. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (squaws), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:6:9
# text = The Indians are still noted trappers, and their squaws know well how to tan and dress the skins of animals.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	still	still	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	noted	note	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	trappers	trapper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	squaws	squaw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	11	advmod	_	_
13	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	tan	tan	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	ccomp	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	dress	dress	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	conj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	skins	skin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **note** | present · passive |  | the Indians |  |  | still | trappers *obj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **know** | present | Indians's squaws |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **tan** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **dress** | infinitive |  | the skins of animals |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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