---
title: “Poor old man! he is calling to his father. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: “Poor old man! he is calling to his father. Who acts: Poor old man. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXV. Legend of Mackinaw Island, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXV. Legend of Mackinaw Island, sentence 41

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“Poor old man! he is calling to his father.

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**Who acts:** Poor old man · **What happens:** call · **To what, where:** father · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXV. Legend of Mackinaw Island. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Poor old man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:60:41
# text = “Poor old man! he is calling to his father.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	calling	call	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** *in a quote* | present · progressive | Poor old man |  | man's father |  |  | man *nsubj* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to father=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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