---
title: All the tribe who were eating were changed into birds. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: All the tribe who were eating were changed into birds. Who acts: tribe. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXV. Legend of Mackinaw Island, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXV. Legend of Mackinaw Island, sentence 66

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All the tribe who were eating were changed into birds.

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**Who acts:** tribe · **What happens:** eat, change · **To what, where:** tribe

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXV. Legend of Mackinaw Island. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tribe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:60:66
# text = All the tribe who were eating were changed into birds.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	3	det:predet	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	tribe	tribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past · progressive | all tribe |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **change** | past · passive |  | all tribe |  |  |  | into birds *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: subject=Patient into bird=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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