---
title: All things were happy, and none did harm to another. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: All things were happy, and none did harm to another. Who acts: things, none. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXV. Legend of Mackinaw Island, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXV. Legend of Mackinaw Island, sentence 76

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All things were happy, and none did harm to another.

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**Who acts:** things, none · **What happens:** be, do · **To what, where:** harm

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXV. Legend of Mackinaw Island. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (things, none), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:60:76
# text = All things were happy, and none did harm to another.
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	8	nsubj	_	_
8	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
9	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | all things |  |  |  |  | happy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | past | none | harm |  |  |  | to another | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harm=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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