---
title: They said the stars were the homes of those who had walked across th… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: They said the stars were the homes of those who had walked across the starry Bridge of Souls. Who acts: Indians, stars. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVI. How the Water Lily Came, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVI. How the Water Lily Came, sentence 13

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They said the stars were the homes of those who had walked across the starry Bridge of Souls.

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**Who acts:** Indians, stars · **What happens:** say, be, walk · **To what, where:** homes, starry Bridge · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVI. How the Water Lily Came. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians, stars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:61:13
# text = They said the stars were the homes of those who had walked across the starry Bridge of Souls.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	homes	home	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	ccomp	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	7	nmod	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	walked	walk	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	across	across	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	starry	starry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	Bridge	Bridge	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Souls	Soul	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Indians *= indian* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the stars | the homes |  |  |  | of those | tree rules |
| 3 | **walk** | past · perfect |  |  |  | the starry Bridge of Souls |  | who *nsubj* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across bridge=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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