---
title: Shingebis may have known that the one he was singing about stood out… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Shingebis may have known that the one he was singing about stood outside his doorway, for he sang this song many times. Who acts: Shingebis, one. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat, with its dependency tree and the pr
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat, sentence 24

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Shingebis may have known that the one he was singing about stood outside his doorway, for he sang this song many times.

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**Who acts:** Shingebis, one · **What happens:** know, sing, stand · **To what, where:** Shingebis, one, doorway, song · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shingebis, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:62:24
# text = Shingebis may have known that the one he was singing about stood outside his doorway, for he sang this song many times.
1	Shingebis	Shingebis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux	_	_
4	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	about	about	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
13	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	doorway	doorway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
20	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	21	det	_	_
21	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | may · perfect · passive |  | Shingebis |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | past · progressive | Shingebis | the one *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location one=Theme |
| 3 | **stand** | past | the one |  |  | Shingebis's doorway |  | about *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent outside doorway=Location |
| 4 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | Shingebis | this song |  |  | time |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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