---
title: He said nothing aloud but whispered to himself: “I cannot endure thi… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: He said nothing aloud but whispered to himself: “I cannot endure this; I must leave.” Who acts: Kabibonokka. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat, sentence 32

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He said nothing aloud but whispered to himself: “I cannot endure this; I must leave.”

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**Who acts:** Kabibonokka · **What happens:** say, whisper, not endure, leave · **To what, where:** nothing, Kabibonokka, this · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kabibonokka), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:62:32
# text = He said nothing aloud but whispered to himself: “I cannot endure this; I must leave.”
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	obj	_	_
4	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	whispered	whisper	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
10	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	endure	endure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
15	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Kabibonokka | nothing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **whisper** *speech: assert* | past | Kabibonokka *not said here* |  | Kabibonokka |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to himself=Recipient |
| 3 | **not** **endure** *in a quote* | can | Kabibonokka | this |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme this=Circumstance |
| 4 | **leave** *in a quote* | must | Kabibonokka |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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