---
title: “Shingebis shall have no more fish,” said the ice-cold wind. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: “Shingebis shall have no more fish,” said the ice-cold wind. Who acts: Shingebis, cold wind. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat, sentence 35

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“Shingebis shall have no more fish,” said the ice-cold wind.

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**Who acts:** Shingebis, cold wind · **What happens:** have, say · **To what, where:** more fish · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shingebis, cold wind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:62:35
# text = “Shingebis shall have no more fish,” said the ice-cold wind.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Shingebis	Shingebi	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
6	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
12	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *in a quote* | shall | Shingebis | no more fish |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Patient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the cold wind |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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