---
title: I know there are no berries, but they could go on the long trail and… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: I know there are no berries, but they could go on the long trail and find some.” Who acts: I, berries. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle, sentence 23

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I know there are no berries, but they could go on the long trail and find some.”

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**Who acts:** I, berries · **What happens:** know, be, go, find · **To what, where:** long trail, some · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, berries), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:63:23
# text = I know there are no berries, but they could go on the long trail and find some.”
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	4	expl	_	_
4	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	berries	berry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	trail	trail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
18	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **does** | present | no berries |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **go** | could | berries *= berry* |  |  | the long trail |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on trail=Location |
| 4 | **find** | infinitive | berries *= berry* *not said here* | some |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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