---
title: Then the tamanous, the spirit of the great elk from which his band w… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Then the tamanous, the spirit of the great elk from which his band was descended, told the hunter a secret. Who acts: tamanous spirit. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle, sentence 41

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Then the tamanous, the spirit of the great elk from which his band was descended, told the hunter a secret.

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**Who acts:** tamanous spirit · **What happens:** descend, tell · **To what, where:** band, great elk, hunter · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tamanous spirit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:63:41
# text = Then the tamanous, the spirit of the great elk from which his band was descended, told the hunter a secret.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	18	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
3	tamanous	tamanous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	elk	elk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	obl	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	band	band	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	descended	descend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
18	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	hunter	hunter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	secret	secret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **descend** | past · passive |  | tamanous's band |  | the great elk |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the tamanous spirit of the great elk | the hunter |  |  | then | a secret *obj* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent hunter=Recipient secret=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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