---
title: He could not sleep; he could not wait; he saw the sun rise from the… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: He could not sleep; he could not wait; he saw the sun rise from the top of the mountain; he had no fear. Who acts: tamanous, sun. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle, sentence 48

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He could not sleep; he could not wait; he saw the sun rise from the top of the mountain; he had no fear.

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**Who acts:** tamanous, sun · **What happens:** not sleep, not wait, see, rise, have · **To what, where:** top, fear

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tamanous, sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:63:48
# text = He could not sleep; he could not wait; he saw the sun rise from the top of the mountain; he had no fear.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
25	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	26	det	_	_
26	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **sleep** | could | tamanous |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **wait** | could | tamanous |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **see** | past | tamanous |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **rise** | infinitive | the sun |  |  | the top of the mountain |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from top=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **have** | past | tamanous | no fear |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fear=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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