---
title: He ate a bit of dried elk meat and took his pick again. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: He ate a bit of dried elk meat and took his pick again. Who acts: sun. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle, sentence 70

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He ate a bit of dried elk meat and took his pick again.

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**Who acts:** sun · **What happens:** eat, dry, take, pick · **To what, where:** bit, pick

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:63:70
# text = He ate a bit of dried elk meat and took his pick again.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
7	elk	elk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	compound	_	_
8	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	pick	pick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	again	again	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | sun | a bit of dried elk meat |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bit=Patient |
| 2 | **dry** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **take** | past | sun *not said here* | sun's pick |  |  | again |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pick=Theme |
| 4 | **pick** |  | sun |  |  |  |  |  | nom pick «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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