---
title: He lifted up a piece of the rock and saw a great cave full of shell… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: He lifted up a piece of the rock and saw a great cave full of shell money, full of hiaqua. Who acts: sun. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle, sentence 72

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He lifted up a piece of the rock and saw a great cave full of shell money, full of hiaqua.

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**Who acts:** sun · **What happens:** lift up, see · **To what, where:** piece, great cave

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:63:72
# text = He lifted up a piece of the rock and saw a great cave full of shell money, full of hiaqua.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	hiaqua	hiaqua	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift up** | past | sun | a piece of the rock |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | past | sun *not said here* | a great cave |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cave=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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