---
title: He reached the white snow on the side of the great pit; then all the… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: He reached the white snow on the side of the great pit; then all the otters jumped into the black lake and lashed it into white foam with their bodies and tails. Who acts: sun, otters. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle, wi
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle, sentence 84

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He reached the white snow on the side of the great pit; then all the otters jumped into the black lake and lashed it into white foam with their bodies and tails.

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**Who acts:** sun, otters · **What happens:** reach, jump, lash · **To what, where:** white snow, side, black lake, snow, white foam

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sun, otters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:63:84
# text = He reached the white snow on the side of the great pit; then all the otters jumped into the black lake and lashed it into white foam with their bodies and tails.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	pit	pit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
14	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	18	advmod	_	_
15	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	17	det:predet	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	otters	otter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	jumped	jump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
19	into	into	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	lashed	lash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	_
26	into	into	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	foam	foam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nmod	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	tails	tail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | past | sun | the white snow |  | the side of the great pit |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent snow=Theme |
| 2 | **jump** | past | all otters |  |  |  | then | into the black lake *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into lake=Result |
| 3 | **lash** | past | all otters *not said here* | snow |  |  |  | into white foam with otters's bodies and tails *result* | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent it=Patient into foam=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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